His last monograph in the same theoretical series is entitled ‘Recursive Syntax’ LINCOM, 61.In 1965, Noam Chomsky came up with the theory that for humans, language is a basic instinct. LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, 59. His 2016 monograph is entitled ‘From Merge to Move: A minimalist perspective on the design of language and its role in early child syntax’. He is interested in pursuing certain ‘Minimalist Program’ assumptions (Chomsky 1995) which ask how such assumptions might explain observed early stages of morphosyntactic development in Children. His main research involves issues surrounding early child language development. Joseph Galasso is on the Linguistics Faculty at California State University, Northridge (and is an adjunct professor of linguistics at California State University, Long Beach). Rather, dispensing with a duality, all we are left with is the singular haunting ghost. Hence, while philosophical dualism may be no longer tenable, it is not for the typical reasons assigned to the break. And for those today who wish-way Descartes’ Mind-body dualism as no longer tenable, Chomsky turns the table and suggests that all we have achieved thus far is exorcise the machine (via Newtonian mechanics), we have left the ghost intact. The lectures are immensely Chomskyan in spirit, recursive-syntactic in nature, and are tethered to a framework which takes as the null hypothesis the notion that language is an innate, pre-determined biological system-a system which by definition is multi-complex, human-specific, and analogous to a philosophy highly commensurate of Descartes’ great proverbial adage which announces the calling for a ‘ghost-in-the-machine’. If these lectures in linguistics have improved at all since their first incarnation, it is only because they have benefited from the many discussions, multifaceted argumentation, and the steadfast persistence on seeking-out diverting points of departure on given topics-all respectively instigated by you, my students, over those years. Our collective class discussions have better sharpened my own understanding of these issues. I’d like to thank all my students over the years that have helped shape these lectures. The chapters contained in this e-book derive from a series of accumulative course lectures given across several semesters to my graduate students of theoretical syntax, as well as to my many undergraduate students of child language acquisition, both at California State University Northridge, as well as Cal State Long Beach where I have lectured as an adjunct professor over the past twenty years. (Note: These lectures include the 'Four-Sentences'). The result indicated that the level of competence or performance of a child’s acquisition of English as a second language, is hinged upon the child (if he/she is not mentally deformed or has speech deficiency), the peer group or play mate, the home and the school environment. Data was collected by administering questionnaires to the teachers of the pupils and recording sessions with the children was observed. Children between the ages of four and six who were already in school were selected. To determine if the environment influences children's acquisition of English as a second language, certain environmental variables were considered. It is even complicated when children with parents from different ethnic groups have to decipher which language is acceptable for communication in the home, school and environment. In second language acquisition, acquiring English as a second language at an early stage in a bilingual or multilingual environment like Nigeria, has posited quite a number of difficulties over the years.
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